Parking Puzzle: Dire Need to Unlock the Parking Game

Urban India is facing an acute parking crisis as rapid vehicle ownership outpaces available infrastructure. With nearly 3.9 crore registered vehicles nationwide and only limited designated parking spaces. Delhi, for instance, has over 1.5 crore vehicles but fewer than one lakh registered spots and the situation has become chaotic.

Tier-2 cities are equally strained, with residents forced to park on streets due to inadequate off-street options. Traffic congestion, wasted time, safety concerns, and frustration are daily realities for commuters, business owners, women, and senior citizens. As cities grow, intelligent, inclusive, and technology-driven parking solutions are becoming an urgent necessity to restore order and efficiency.

First let’s take a look at some facts:

• As of August 2025, India has about 27,544 parking lots nationwide.  And there are ~8,214 public parking spaces catalogued in major cities (public parking = officially designated spots)
• Total registered vehicles in India (as of early 2025) is 389.771 million (i.e. ~3,897.71 lakh) as per a most recent data.
  

The rapid increase in vehicle ownership, coupled with limited land availability, has led to chaotic street parking, traffic congestion, and frustrated commuters. For example, Delhi has over 1.5 crore registered vehicles but less than a lakh of registered parking space. Same goes with Mumbai with estimated 47 lakh registered vehicles and less than 70,000 authorized parking spots.

No better are smaller cities like Nagpur with ~21 lakh vehicles but only 43 authorized on-street parking spots and Kolkata with ~37.6% of car owners keep vehicles parked on roads (rather than off-street) due to lack of alternatives.

Musical Chairs with Cars

The Centre for Science and Environment (CSE) report states that - 30% of traffic congestion in Indian cities is caused by vehicles searching for parking. And, all of those who have played musical chairs with cars around Connaught Place in Delhi, MG Road in Pune, Fort area in Mumbai or Hazratganj in Lucknow, will tend to agree.

“To ease the time taken for circulation in locating a parking space, car parks have to be located in convenient locations and be easily accessible. Relevant traffic studies have to be conducted to ensure this. Unnecessary circulation increases congestion, wastes time as well as fuel. Car parks also need to be well lighted, ventilated, secure and with rest rooms as many ladies and elderly use these facilities. Time taken to enter a car park, find a space and exit needs to be minimal, not more than 10 minutes. Municipalities and urban authorities are not structured to build and maintain parking facilities. This is not their core competency. This is best achieved by collaborating with private developers in public, private, partnership mode (PPP), said Arvind Mayar, Chief Executive Officer, Secure Parking. 

Parking Chaos: Burden on Time & Health

The Boston Consulting Group (BCG), in a report on urban mobility last year estimates that drivers in Indian metro cities spend up to 20 minutes per trip looking for parking. Cumulatively, that amounts to 7.5 days per year spent in search of a parking spot.

The most impacted by this daily grind are 

• The mid-income care owners, who live in buildings with inadequate parking arrangements
• Small shop & business ownerswho face business losses as customers shy away from visiting the place
• Womendrivers cite safety concerns, especially due to illegal and unauthorized parking agencies
• Senior citizensvisiting hospitals/medical facilities have tough time due to lack of adequate parking facilities
• Gig workerslike cab drivers, delivery agents and ride-sharing partners often face fines due to poor parking availability.
• Emergency servicessuch as ambulances and fire engines are frequently delayed due to indiscriminate parked vehicles blocking roads and narrow lanes.

The Reality Check

Under the "smart cities" initiative, cities are to develop smart parking systems using IoT sensors and AI to identify empty slots, reducing congestion and increasing parking revenue. 

Then there is the recent case of Nashik city, where parking woes persist, despite being part of the Smart City Mission. The Smart City corporation handed over the parking spaces to the civic body, but it is yet to be executed even by NMC. As per Sumant More, CEO, Nashik Municipal Smart City Development, the contractor concerned refused to operate on-street and off-street parking facilities at 32 locations, demanding extension of contract period and waiver of annual royalty amount. And even after three years, the parking issues remains unresolved.

Kolhapur, a designated smart city, celebrated the inauguration of Bombay High Court’s Kolhapur circuit bench, meant to be a milestone for the city. Instead, it turned into a case study of inadequate planning. Traffic snarls have paralyzed nearby areas, vehicles are stuck for hours, and the lack of designated parking for litigants, advocates, and officials exacerbate the chaos. Far from being a celebration of progress, it has highlighted glaring gaps between infrastructure promise and reality.

Puzzle Parking for Parking Puzzle

Automated systems can achieve a much higher parking density, and in congested market places or business areas, they eliminate the need to drive around searching for a spot, significantly reducing traffic congestion in parking areas and surrounding streets.

Noida Authority is planning to build its first automated puzzle parking in Sector 63. Designed by Orionn Architects, the four-level facility to be managed through RFP will have a capacity of 100 vehicles (25 per floor) and will use a sensor-based mechanism to automatically shift vehicles between floors in 3–6 minutes, offering faster, safer, and space-efficient parking. As per General manager SP Singh the facility is designed to ease parking woes in places where space is limited with poor parking conditions."

Tower car parking systems too offer a compelling alternative by maximizing the use of vertical space and automating the parking process. These systems installed in quite a few commercial buildings, retail hubs, and office towers in Mumbai can accommodate up to 100 cars in the space required for just 2-6 surface parking spots. 

While, automated car parks are ill suited for public use or market places, they are best for residences and offices, says Arvind Mayar. On a positive note, he adds, “There are several success stories specially in many cities including Delhi and Mumbai, of public car parks developed by municipal, metro or urban development authorities. Many of these have some retail attached to improve customer convenience.” 

For instance, to address the chronic menace of traffic congestion, the Lucknow Municipal Corporation in May this year has introduced 100 on-roadside parking spots across several key areas in the city. Additional municipal commissioner Pankaj Shrivastava said the survey identified 74 existing parking locations that were closed after the revision of urban parking rules, which prohibited roadside parking. "Basic amenities like drinking water, toilets and shade will also be developed at these parking sites as per govt directions," he added.

Decoding the Urban Parking Dilemma

The National Urban Transport Policy 2006 (NUTP) advocates the imposition of parking fees commensurate with land valuation costs, establishing park-and-ride facilities at transit nodes, a tiered system of parking fees, and creating multi-level parking structures in urban cores. Many cities across India such as Surat, Ahmedabad, Delhi, Pune, Kolkata, Bengaluru, and Chandigarh, among others, have formulated parking policies for their respective urban areas.

But on a closer look the multiplicity of governing bodies from police to municipals, outdated building codes, commercialization of streets by vendors and incoherent urban land use guidelines have left the parking directives not aligned with desired objectives

An inclusive, intelligent urban planning is the need of the hour, that may include multi-level parking systems, community parking bays, digitized mapping, and incentives for off-peak travel to ease this urban menace. 

It is imperative, solutions must consider not only vehicle volume but also human experience.